Cm
Workbench / Gain Stages

Miller & Grid Stopper

Input capacitance and high-frequency roll-off.

Valve & Stage

Source

Previous stage Zout or pot wiper resistance

sourceRs38 kΩRgs68 kΩCin110 pFCgk + Cga(1+A) + Cstray
Equivalent input network
INPUT LOW-PASS RESPONSE1002005001k2k5k10k20k50k100k200k500k1000k-20-15-10-50FREQUENCY (Hz)dB20 kHz13.6 kHz
Rgs = 68 kΩfamily: 0 / 10k / 33k / 100k / 220k / 470k
Miller C
104 pF
Cga 1.7 pF × 61
Total Cin
110 pF
−3 dB corner
13.6 kHz
Max Rgs for 20 kHz
34.1 kΩ
Engineering Notes

How it works

Every triode has a small capacitance between grid and plate (Cga), a couple of picofarads. Because the plate swings A times more than the grid, and in opposite phase, the charging current through Cga is (1 + A) times larger than it would otherwise be. Seen from the grid, Cga behaves like a capacitor multiplied by the gain: the Miller effect.

C_miller = Cga·(1 + A) Cin = Cgk + C_miller + C_stray

Combined with everything resistive in front of the grid, Cin forms a first-order low-pass filter:

f₋₃dB = 1 / (2π·(Rs + Rgs)·Cin)

A grid stopper resistor soldered right at the socket is mandatory in high-gain designs to suppress RF oscillation and parasitic ringing. In guitar amplifiers, values of 33–68 kΩ (or more) are chosen deliberately to roll off fizzy harmonics from clipping stages. In hi-fi you want the corner well above 20 kHz. Check the "Max Rgs" readout.

Pentodes such as the EF86 have a far smaller Cga (≈0.05 pF) thanks to the screen grid, which is why they make excellent wide-band, high-gain stages.