dB
Workbench / Output Stage

Power & Loudness

SPL from watts, sensitivity and distance.

System

dB SPL @ 1 W / 1 m

Number of speakers
Load impedance
Max SPL
114.8 dB
Output voltage
15.49 Vrms
21.9 V peak
Output current
1.94 Arms
Power for +10 dB
300 W
sounds twice as loud
SPL VS AMPLIFIER POWER0.10.20.51251020501002005001000708090100110120130140POWER (W)dB SPL85 dB: hearing-safe 8 h110 dB: rock concert115 dB
90 dB/W95 dB/W105 dB/W100 dB/W (yours)
1 W
100 dB
2 W
103 dB
5 W
107 dB
10 W
110 dB
50 W
117 dB
100 W
120 dB
Engineering Notes

How it works

A loudspeaker's sensitivity is the sound pressure it produces with 1 W input, measured at 1 m. Because human hearing (and decibels) are logarithmic, power and loudness are related in a surprising way:

SPL = Sensitivity + 10·log₁₀(P) − 20·log₁₀(d) + 10·log₁₀(N)
  • Doubling the power adds only +3 dB, barely noticeable.
  • Ten times the power adds +10 dB, perceived as roughly "twice as loud".
  • Doubling the distance costs −6 dB (inverse-square law, free field).
  • Doubling the number of speakers (same total power) adds about +3 dB of efficiency.

This is why a 5 W single-ended 2A3 amp driving 100 dB horns can fill a room, while a 40 W amp into 85 dB bookshelf speakers struggles. It also explains why a 50 W guitar amp is not that much quieter than a 100 W one. The output voltage is V = √(P·R).